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Analysis of Visual Components in Biology Textbooks with Focus on Geology Chapters
Jakoubková, Sára ; Vojíř, Karel (advisor) ; Říhová, Dagmar (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the visual components in lower-secondary natural science textbooks, with a focus on chapters about geology. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate individual visual components within the analyzed sample of textbooks through specific categories, assessing their relevance and contribution to the educational process. In the practical part, the methodology from the Greek study (Dimopoulos, Koulaidis a Sklaveniti, 2003) is described, according to which the quantitative content analysis of visual components in the selected sample of textbooks was implemented. This sample includes natural science textbooks with the approval of the Ministry of Education. For each visual component, the type, function, form, vertical and horizontal scope, distance, and placement in the textbook were evaluated. The obtained results were further compared with research on the same topic. The analysis results indicate that textbooks contain a significant proportion of identical visual components. These results can be further utilized to improve natural science textbooks. KEYWORDS natural science textbooks, visual component, visuals, analysis of textbooks, lower secondary education
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Concpet building process in geometry using the game OWL
Gandžalová, Tereza ; Jirotková, Darina (advisor) ; Kvaszová, Milena (referee)
The main topic of this thesis is the conceptual process in the field of geometry, more specifically the process of pupils' cognition of geometric objects during the didactic game Owl. The research of the thesis is focused on pupils of younger school age 9-11 years old. The aim of the thesis is to map pupils' ideas about geometric objects, their accompanying phenomena and relations between them through experiments, the tool of which is the Owl game and its modifications. The didactic game Owl is described in detail in the theoretical part of the thesis. Here, the theoretical background for the design of the experiments and the analysis of the pupils' discussions are also presented and the terms used in the practical part are defined. These backgrounds include the terms concept and conceptual process, the stages of development of geometric language, the theory of levels of understanding and the theory of generic model, and last but not least the levels of geometric thinking of the author Van Hiele. In the practical part, I focus on the description of the methodology and the characteristics of both the overall group and the individual pupils in it. Besides, the paper includes a breakdown of the activity plan of each experiment with their expected outcomes for each group. This is followed by the...
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Teaching Suprasegmental Pronunciation Features in English through Authentic Documents
NOVÁKOVÁ, Adéla
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to enrich the existing ways of teaching suprasegmental pronunciation features in English pronunciation in secondary schools with a focus on the possibilities of using authentic materials. In the introductory section, we will introduce the nature of the suprasegmental pronunciation features, which we investigate in this thesis. Then, we will summarize basic didactic principles of teaching second language pronunciation, focusing primarily on the pronunciation of suprasegmental pronunciation features. Next, we will map the existing ways of presenting and practising suprasegmental phenomena, based on the analysis of exercises in selected English language textbooks for secondary schools aimed at practising suprasegmental phenomena. We will define terminologically the notion of authentic material and specify the types of authentic materials that can be used to teach second language pronunciation. Subsequently, we will propose a set of activities based on selected authentic materials to enrich existing types of exercises aimed at pronunciation training.
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Quaternary climate changes: Analysis of the primary/secondary and high school textbooks
HAVLÍKOVÁ, Adriana
The bachelor's thesis deals with climatic changes in the Quaternary and its content in natural history, geography, and history textbooks for elementary and high schools. In the first part, we learn about the basic terms for a better understanding of the issue. Furthermore, both natural and anthropogenic causes, consequences, and development of climate changes in history from prehistoric times to the present. The second part of the thesis focuses on the analysis of the topic of climate change in textbooks. The results are summarized in a clear table. The main goal of the work was to analyse the information that are obtained in the textbooks to evaluate whether the topics which, are contained in the textbooks, are sufficient for students for fully understanding. At the end, a worksheet for the 9th grade of elementary school was created as a supplemental curriculum, which is intended to help with the correct understanding of the topic of climate change and to avoid misinterpretations.
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Second grade students of a selected elementary school and solving non-standard problems
Jakoubková, Zuzana ; Voňková, Hana (advisor) ; Čapek Adamec, Martin (referee)
In the theoretical part, the diploma thesis focuses on the definition of the legislative framework regarding to the inclusion of non-standard tasks to the teaching methods in the Czech Republic, with regard to RVP ZV, and then on the explanation of the terms task, and non-standard task in a mathematical context, with reference to the definitions of both, Czech and foreign authors. Subsequently, the author focus on the typology of non-standard tasks, and their use in textbooks and workbooks used during lessons of mathematic in the Czech Republic. The main part of the thesis is an empirical research based on the results of a questioning students from a specified elementary school. The questioning is focused not only on the level of students familiarity with non-standard tasks, but also on their ability to solve these tasks. This research is supplemented by the results of interviews with individual teachers in the field of mathematics at the selected elementary school. During debates with teachers, it became clear that use non-standard tasks like a teaching method is not very common in the Czech Republic. However, it follows from the results of the questionnaire research, that students have experience with basic principles, and algorithms of solving non-standard tasks and in lessons they encounter all...
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A canon of the great Czechs in history books from 1918 and ways of shaping the historical consciousness of youth in the present
Kapustová, Irena
(en) The thesis focuses on the pantheon of historical figures in the history books of primary and secondary schools over the past century and in contemporary school history teaching. The theoretical part of the páper deals with terms with which the research part is dosely linked.These are primarily concepts such as historical consciousness, collective memory or narratives, and approaches to the analysis of textbooks, history books and their content analysis are also mentioned. The role of the teacher in the process of shaping historical consciousness is also briefly stated. The Czech pantheon of personalities and the rationale for the baseline selection is the subject of a follow-up chapter. The core part of the dissertation is its own research activity, the first part of which is represented by a content analysis of history textbooks. More precisely formulated chapters relating to the figures of the Czech pantheon examined. The next stage of research is already the application of mixed empirical research. This methodology is represented by an online questionnaire survey among primary and secondary school history teachers across the Czech Republic. We also used the method of in-depth interviews with tutors and focus groups with university students.
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Analysis of Visual Components in Lower Secondary Biology Textbooks
Heřmanová, Nikola ; Vojíř, Karel (advisor) ; Říhová, Dagmar (referee)
Visual components and their function and use in textbooks are currently a topic that appears in a number of researches and studies. Visual components have a demonstrable influence on the effectiveness of learning and at the same time they help reduce the cognitive demands on students. The thesis in the theoretical part defines the textbook as a didactic tool, visual components and the method of processing visual components. Furthermore, it points to learning strategies for increasing the effectiveness of learning, which are based on work with visual components. The practical part is focused on the content analysis of visual components in the lower- secondary biology textbooks. The function and use of the visual components in the educational process was evaluated. The result of the analysis shows that the visual components in the textbooks are extremely uniform and do not respect the complexity of learning through visual components. KEYWORDS analysis of textbooks, visual components, biology textbooks learning strategies
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Algebraisation in problems with a geometric context - pupils' difficulties and mistakes
Benešová, Štěpánka ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Jančařík, Antonín (referee)
The aim of this thesis are problems in which pupils demonstrate the ability to switch between geometric and algebraic representation. The task of the thesis is to correctly identify the difficulties and mistakes of pupils in the algebraisation of problems with geometric context before the teaching of algebra and after the teaching of algebra. The thesis consists of theoretical and experimental parts. The theoretical part defines the necessary concepts, summarizes selected results of research and studies related to the algebraisation of problems with geometric context and contains an analysis of five selected textbooks for the eighth year of elementary school, which are used by pupils participating in the research. The analysis of textbooks is focused on chapters dealing with the topics of Algebraic expressions with variables and Powers. The experimental part focuses on research identifying difficulties and mistakes of pupils in solving problems in which pupils try to algebraically model geometric relations. The basis of the research was two sets of test problems followed by an individual conversation with the pupils. The first set of problems was made for sixth-graders, seventh-graders and eight- graders. The second set of problems was made for ninth-graders. The tests were used in two primary...
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How secondary school pupils solve metric problems in 3D geometry
Jankovcová, Anna ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Janda, David (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to gain a deeper understanding of how high school students solve tasks in three-dimensional metric space. All of the selected tasks are solvable using similarity. Since this is not the only way to solve these problems, I also observe the procedures and strategies that students employ whilst solving them. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. In the theoretical part I define the basic terms and deal with difficulties which might occur while solving the selected problems. I also describe the expected outcomes of stereometry teaching in curricular documents. In the practical part, I firstly analyse the way certain metric problems are solved in high school textbooks. Then I describe how I did my research, in which 12 students participated. As my method for conducting the research I chose to interview the students about their solutions to the selected tasks in order to obtain enough information about the challenges that the students have in solving these problems and to observe the strategies they use. In the closing section of this thesis, I summarize the procedures which high school students use to solve metric problems, as well as the difficulties that some students had. My research has shown that students use various techniques to solve metric...
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Creation as the way of reaching educational goals in high school literary education
Grulichová, Veronika ; Komberec, Filip (advisor) ; Laufková, Veronika (referee)
This work deals with creation in literary education. In its view creation is not only an addition or a way of education results verification. It is considered to be a way how to achieve literary goals. It also deals with contemporary didactics teachers' views and context of Czech curriculum. It looks for specific forms of creative work in professional publications and analyses chosen current textbooks in the terms of questions and tasks for students. It comes to a conclusion that professional publications can be seen or used as a source of particular methods and principles and textbooks can be used as a database of appropriate texts from the didactics point of view. Furthermore, the work brings the reflection of a few own lessons based on the creation. Studying the resources leads to the view, that creation is a source of constructivism, an option not to learn completed conclusions but to achieve literary knowledge through a process by working with an artistic text. Students are learning by making an artifact and communicating about it. The pivotal point of work in the class is a reflexion which helps students to take the knowledge adopted by creation. Most often creation in literature is put into practice by creative writing or by drama methods. It is still possible to find and make meaningful...
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